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Electromagnetic Compatibility | Case Analysis and Solution of Conduction Failure Caused by Class I LED Luminaires Using Class II Drivers
Author.
LCS
Source:
Post time:
2023-11-25
In recent years, it has been common to encounter the following situations: when a certain type of LED luminaire is tested according to the EN 55015 standard, the conducted emission from the power port does not meet the limit requirements. After dismantling, it was found that the manufacturer of this luminaire purchased a Class II driver, which is tightly installed on the back of the LED bead support plate (metal material), and the support plate leads a ground wire and a neutral wire live wire together, which means that the LED driver itself does not have a grounding terminal, However, because the metal structure on the surface of the lamp itself requires grounding protection, there is a 3-pin PE grounding wire.
The data exceeding the standard is as follows: the overall waveform of the peak and average values of the excessive radiation is relatively high, and the reading point can only read 1dB;
Analysis of reasons for exceeding the standard:
1. Priority should be given to troubleshooting the LED driver to determine if the entire lamp is not functioning properly due to the LED driver. After communicating with the driver manufacturer, it has been certified by authorities such as TUV, CCC, FCC, and provided an EMC report. The laboratory will conduct retesting and confirmation, and measure the conducted radiation of the LED driver separately with the lamp load. The test results are as follows:
The confirmation result indicates that the overall light exceeding the standard is not caused by the LED driver, and the driver itself has a margin of 10dB;
Based on the years of testing experience of laboratory staff and analysis of test data, the problem may arise in the compatibility between Class II drivers and Class I lighting fixtures. This may be the essence of the problem. Attempted to disconnect the grounding wire of the support plate for testing, and found that the test waveform did not deviate significantly from the individual tested LED drivers, with sufficient margin. Confirmed the problem.
3. Based on the theoretical analysis of EMI, the maximum probability is that the equivalent distributed capacitance formed between the LED driver body and the metal shell is equivalent to a near-field coupling circuit, namely the LED driver metal support plate PE line LISN and the metal reference ground plane of the shielding chamber, forming an equivalent common mode interference circuit, which affects the voltage at both ends of the LISN 50 Ω impedance.
Based on the above analysis, effective solutions without replacing the driver can be roughly divided into two types:
a. Reduce the distributed capacitance and move the LED driver away from the metal support plate;
b. Add filtering between L&N and PE to reduce the disturbance voltage at both ends of L&N.
5. Try method a by fixing the LED driver and the metal support plate with a 1cm high insulation gasket, so that the bottom of the LED driver is 1cm horizontally away from the metal support plate. The experimental results are qualified.
6. Try method b by adding a filtering circuit between the AC input lines, with a common mode inductor and a Y-capacitor crossing the ground, as shown in the figure below. After retesting, the margin is nearly 20dB.
Summary:
When purchasing drivers for LED lighting fixtures, priority should be given to the anti electric shock level of the entire lamp, and blind matching is not allowed. Otherwise, compatibility issues are more likely to occur, leading to insufficient conductive emissions;
2. The cause of this problem may not only be LED drivers, but also sensors, controllers, etc;
Method B involves adding a filtering circuit, which may be questioned in safety certification. Unless a certified finished filter is used, most of the internal circuits of the finished filter are not as effective as self-made filtering circuits, and purchasing finished filters invisibly increases production costs. If in this case, the customer's manufacturing process cannot elevate the LED driver and does not accept Method B, then this case is basically unsolvable.
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