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Squeeze test
a) Initialization charging of battery module;
b) Test according to the following conditions:
1) Squeezing direction: The direction in which the battery module is most susceptible to compression in the layout of the energy storage system. If most susceptible
The direction of compression cannot be obtained, and pressure should be applied perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the battery cells (see Figure A.3);
2) Squeeze plate form: a semi cylindrical body with a radius of 75mm, the length (L) of which is greater than the size of the battery being squeezed, but
Not exceeding 1m;
3) Squeezing speed: (5 ± 1) mm/s;
4) Squeezing degree: Stop squeezing when the deformation of the battery module reaches 30% or the squeezing force reaches (13 ± 0.78) kN;
5) Maintain for 10 minutes.
c) Observe for 1 hour;
d) Observe for any signs of expansion, leakage, smoking, fire, or explosion.
Squeezing test is an important testing method for evaluating the safety and structural integrity of battery modules when subjected to external compression. By simulating the possible compression of battery modules during actual use, detect whether the battery may experience dangerous situations such as expansion, leakage, smoking, fire, explosion, etc. The following is the detailed content of the compression test:
1. Test purpose
Evaluate the safety and structural integrity of battery modules when subjected to external compression.
Ensure that the battery module does not experience dangerous situations such as expansion, leakage, smoking, fire, explosion, etc. under compression conditions.
Verify whether the battery module complies with relevant safety standards and requirements.
2. Testing principle
By placing the battery module in a compression device and applying the specified compression force and deformation amount, the appearance, structural integrity, and safety of the battery are inspected.
3. Testing methods
(1) Test preparation
Initialize and charge the battery module.
Prepare extrusion equipment and extrusion plates:
Squeezing plate form: A semi cylindrical body with a radius of 75mm, the length (L) of which is greater than the size of the compressed battery but not greater than 1m.
Squeezing speed: (5 ± 1) mm/s.
(2) Squeezing test
Place the battery module in the squeezing device.
Squeeze according to the following conditions:
Squeezing direction: The direction in which the battery module is most susceptible to compression in the layout of the energy storage system. If the direction most susceptible to compression is not available, pressure should be applied perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the battery cells.
Squeezing degree: Stop squeezing when the deformation of the battery module reaches 30% or the squeezing force reaches (13 ± 0.78) kN.
Maintain the squeezed state for 10 minutes.
(3) Observation after testing
Observe for 1 hour and record whether the battery module has any phenomena such as expansion, leakage, smoking, fire, explosion, etc.
4. Testing standards
International standards:
IEC 62133 (Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary batteries).
UN 38.3 (Safety testing for transportation of lithium batteries).
Industry standards:
GB 31241 (Safety Requirements for Lithium ion Batteries for Portable Electronic Products, China).
UL 1642 (Lithium Battery Safety Standard, USA).
5. Testing equipment
Squeezing equipment: used to apply squeezing force and deformation.
Squeezing plate: a semi cylindrical body with a radius of 75mm, with a length greater than the size of the compressed battery but not greater than 1m.
Pressure sensor: used to measure extrusion force.
Infrared thermal imaging device: used to monitor the temperature changes of battery modules during compression testing.
6. Data analysis and evaluation
Appearance inspection: Record whether the battery module has any expansion, leakage, or other phenomena.
Safety assessment: Observe whether the battery module has any dangerous situations such as smoking, fire, explosion, etc.
Electrical performance: Measure the voltage and internal resistance of the battery module to evaluate whether its electrical performance is normal.
7. Common problems and solutions
Battery expansion: It may be due to insufficient strength of the casing material, and a higher strength material needs to be replaced.
Leakage: It may be due to insufficient battery sealing, and the sealing design of the battery needs to be improved.
Fire or explosion: It may be due to internal short circuit or material failure of the battery, and the battery design and production process need to be optimized.
8. Application scenarios
Testing of battery modules for consumer electronics products such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets.
Electric tools: such as battery module testing for electric drills and chainsaws.
Electric vehicles: such as testing of power battery modules for electric vehicles.
Energy storage system: such as testing of solar energy storage battery modules.
9. Test report
Test conditions: including extrusion direction, extrusion speed, extrusion degree, holding time, etc.
Test results: including appearance inspection results, safety assessment, electrical performance, etc.
Conclusion and Suggestions: Evaluate whether the sample meets the relevant standards and propose improvement suggestions.
Through compression testing, the safety and structural integrity of battery modules under external compression can be comprehensively evaluated, ensuring that they can meet safety requirements in practical use and providing scientific basis for the design and optimization of battery modules.
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