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Overdischarge test
a) Initialization charging of battery module;
b) The battery module is discharged in a constant current manner until the time reaches 90 minutes or the voltage of any battery cell reaches 0V, and the discharge stops
The current is taken as the smaller of 1Crdn 'and the maximum continuous discharge current of the product;
c) Observe for 1 hour;
d) Observe for any signs of expansion, leakage, smoking, fire, or explosion.
Overdischarge testing is an important testing method for evaluating the safety and stability of battery modules under excessive discharge conditions. By simulating the reaction of battery modules under excessive discharge conditions, detect whether the battery will experience dangerous situations such as expansion, leakage, smoking, fire, explosion, etc. The following is the detailed content of the over discharge test:
1. Test purpose
Evaluate the safety and stability of battery modules under excessive discharge conditions.
Ensure that the battery module does not experience dangerous situations such as expansion, leakage, smoking, fire, explosion, etc. under excessive discharge conditions.
Verify whether the battery module complies with relevant safety standards and requirements.
2. Testing principle
By discharging the battery module in a constant current manner for 90 minutes or when any individual battery cell voltage reaches 0V, the appearance, structural integrity, and safety of the battery are checked.
3. Testing methods
(1) Test preparation
Initialize and charge the battery module.
Prepare constant current discharge equipment and voltage measurement equipment.
(2) Over discharge test
Discharge the battery module in a constant current manner, taking the smaller of 1C<sub>rdn</sub>and the maximum continuous discharge current of the product.
Stop discharging when the discharge time reaches 90 minutes or when the voltage of any battery cell reaches 0V.
(3) Observation after testing
Observe for 1 hour and record whether the battery module has any phenomena such as expansion, leakage, smoking, fire, explosion, etc.
4. Testing standards
International standards:
IEC 62133 (Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary batteries).
UN 38.3 (Safety testing for transportation of lithium batteries).
Industry standards:
GB 31241 (Safety Requirements for Lithium ion Batteries for Portable Electronic Products, China).
UL 1642 (Lithium Battery Safety Standard, USA).
5. Testing equipment
Constant current discharge equipment: used for discharging at a specified discharge current.
Voltage measurement equipment: used to measure the voltage of battery cells.
Infrared thermal imaging device: used to monitor the temperature changes of battery modules during over discharge testing.
6. Data analysis and evaluation
Appearance inspection: Record whether the battery module has any expansion, leakage, or other phenomena.
Safety assessment: Observe whether the battery module has any dangerous situations such as smoking, fire, explosion, etc.
Electrical performance: Measure the voltage and internal resistance of the battery module to evaluate whether its electrical performance is normal.
7. Common problems and solutions
Battery expansion: It may be due to excessive internal pressure or material failure, and battery design and production processes need to be optimized.
Leakage: It may be due to insufficient battery sealing, and the sealing design of the battery needs to be improved.
Fire or explosion: It may be due to internal short circuit or material failure of the battery, and the battery design and production process need to be optimized.
8. Application scenarios
Testing of battery modules for consumer electronics products such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets.
Electric tools: such as battery module testing for electric drills and chainsaws.
Electric vehicles: such as testing of power battery modules for electric vehicles.
Energy storage system: such as testing of solar energy storage battery modules.
9. Test report
Test conditions: including discharge current, discharge time, termination conditions, etc.
Test results: including appearance inspection results, safety assessment, electrical performance, etc.
Conclusion and Suggestions: Evaluate whether the sample meets the relevant standards and propose improvement suggestions.
Through over discharge testing, the safety and stability of battery modules can be comprehensively evaluated under over discharge conditions, ensuring that they can meet safety requirements in practical use and providing scientific basis for the design and optimization of battery modules.
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