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conducted immunity

Test the sensitivity of the tested equipment to electromagnetic energy transmitted along power lines, control lines, or signal lines

Conducted Immunity Test is an important component of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) testing, used to evaluate the equipment under test (EUT)'s resistance to electromagnetic energy conducted through power lines, control lines, or signal lines. This test simulates the conducted interference that the equipment may encounter in actual usage environments (such as power grid noise, switch power interference, etc.), ensuring that the equipment can still work normally in the interference environment.

 

Test purpose
The main purpose of conducting anti-interference testing is to verify whether the equipment can maintain normal function without performance degradation, misoperation, or damage when subjected to electromagnetic interference conducted through cables. This is crucial for ensuring the reliability and safety of equipment, especially in fields such as industrial control, medical equipment, automotive electronics, and communication systems.

 

Test Standard
Conducted anti-interference testing is usually conducted according to international or industry standards, and common standards include:

IEC 61000-4-6: Conducted immunity testing standard developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

EN 61000-4-6: European standard, consistent with the content of IEC 61000-4-6.

CISPR 24: Immunity standard for information technology equipment.

ISO 11452-4: Conducted immunity testing standard for automotive electronic equipment.

 

test method
Test environment:

Testing is usually conducted in a shielded room to avoid external electromagnetic interference affecting the test results.

Shielding indoor walls with conductive materials to isolate external electromagnetic fields.

Test equipment:

Signal generator: Generate interference signals of specific frequency and intensity.

Power amplifier: amplifies the output power of a signal generator.

Coupling/Decoupling Network (CDN): couples interference signals to the power or signal lines of the device under test, while preventing interference signals from affecting other devices.

Monitoring equipment: used to monitor the working status and performance of the tested equipment.

 

Test steps:

Place the test equipment on the test bench in the shielded room and connect the necessary power and signal lines.

Set the frequency range (usually 150 kHz to 80 MHz or 230 MHz) and modulation method (such as continuous wave, pulse modulation, etc.) of the signal generator according to the testing standards.

Inject interference signals into the power, control, or signal lines of the device under test through a coupling/decoupling network.

Gradually increase the strength of the interference signal (usually from 1 V to 10 V, depending on standard requirements).

At each frequency point and signal strength, observe whether the tested equipment experiences performance degradation, misoperation, or damage.

Record the test results, including the response of the tested equipment and any abnormal phenomena.

Test frequency range:

The usual testing frequency range is 150 kHz to 80 MHz, covering common conducted interference frequencies.

For specific applications such as automotive electronics, the testing frequency range may vary.

 

Test result evaluation
According to the standard, the tested equipment should maintain normal operation during the testing process without significant performance degradation or functional failure.

Failure criteria: If the device experiences performance degradation, misoperation, or damage during testing, it will be considered a test failure.

Rectification measures: For devices that fail the test, measures such as filtering, shielding, or circuit design optimization may need to be taken to improve their anti-interference ability.

 

Application field
Conducted anti-interference testing is widely used in the following fields:

Industrial equipment: such as PLC, frequency converter, industrial robots, etc.

Medical equipment: such as electrocardiographs, ultrasound devices, etc.

Automotive electronics: such as in car entertainment systems, autonomous driving sensors, etc.

Consumer electronics: such as mobile phones, computers, household appliances, etc.

Communication system: such as base stations, routers, etc.

By conducting anti-interference tests, it is possible to ensure the stable operation of equipment in complex electromagnetic environments, meet regulatory requirements, and improve user satisfaction.

 

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