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GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System Product Testing
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), also known as the Global Satellite Navigation System, is a space-based radio navigation and positioning system that can provide users with all-weather 3D coordinates, velocity, and time information at any location on the Earth's surface or near Earth space. Including China's Beidou Satellite Navigation System (BDS), the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia's GLONASS satellite navigation system, and the European Union's Galileo satellite navigation system.
GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) product testing is a key step in ensuring that navigation equipment meets design requirements in terms of accuracy, reliability, compatibility, and environmental adaptability. The following provides a systematic introduction from the aspects of testing content, methods, standards, and common tools:
1、 Test content classification
Basic performance testing
Positioning accuracy: static/dynamic positioning error (CEP, RMS), elevation accuracy, timing accuracy.
Sensitivity: Cold start (initial positioning time), hot start, weak signal capture capability (below -160dBm).
Multi system compatibility: Supports joint positioning capabilities of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Beidou and other systems.
Anti interference: the ability to suppress multipath effects and electromagnetic interference (EMI).
Environmental adaptability testing
Extreme temperature: Positioning stability at high temperature (+70 ℃) and low temperature (-40 ℃).
Mechanical stress: vibration (random/sine), impact, drop testing (such as MIL-STD-810G standard).
Humidity and salt spray: humid and hot environment (95% RH), salt spray corrosion testing (for marine equipment).
Function and scenario verification
Dynamic scenarios: performance under high-speed movement (aviation, vehicle mounted) and high acceleration (rocket launch).
Urban Canyon Effect: Simulation of signal occlusion and reflection scenes in dense building environments.
Low power mode: standby power consumption, sleep mode wake-up time (key indicators for IoT devices).
Protocol and Interface Testing
Data protocol: NMEA 0183, RTCM, custom protocol parsing and output correctness.
Hardware interface: Stability of communication interfaces such as UART, SPI, I2C, USB, etc.
2、 Testing methods and tools
Signal simulation testing
GNSS signal simulator: Generate multi scene signals (static trajectory, dynamic path, interference environment) using devices such as Spirent and Keysight.
Typical scenario: Simulating abnormal conditions such as urban canyons, ionospheric delays, clock errors, and ephemeris errors.
Field Test
Dynamic trajectory verification: Collect data in a real environment (compared to benchmark station data) through vehicle mounted, unmanned aerial vehicle or personnel carried devices.
Multi regional coverage: testing performance differences under different latitudes and terrains (plains, mountainous areas, oceans).
Dark room testing
RF performance: antenna gain, phase center stability, multi band compatibility (L1/L2/L5 frequency band).
Anti interference testing: Inject broadband noise and single frequency interference signals to evaluate the device's suppression capability.
Software analysis tools
Post processing software: Use RTKLIB and GNSSLoger to analyze raw observations (pseudorange, carrier phase).
Statistical analysis: Python/Matlab scripts process data, calculate DOP values, and locate error distributions.
3、 Industry testing standards
International Standard
ISO 16750: Environmental testing standard for automotive electronics (vibration, temperature cycling).
RTCA DO-229: Performance Requirements for Aviation Navigation Equipment (GPS/WAAS).
3GPP: A-GNSS specification for GNSS assisted positioning in mobile communication devices.
domestic standard
GB/T 39397: General Specification for Beidou Terminal Equipment.
YD/T series: Testing standards for navigation terminals in the communication industry.
military standard
MIL-STD-461: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Testing.
MIL-PRF-38534: High reliability chip level testing.
4、 Key points of typical product testing
Car navigation terminal
Key points: high-speed dynamic positioning, emergency call (eCall) response time, CAN bus data fusion.
Test case: Simulate the reacquisition time (<10 seconds) after the loss of tunnel signals.
Drones/Aviation Equipment
Key points: high dynamic response (acceleration>4g), accuracy of barometer/IMU fusion.
Test case: The ability of unmanned aerial vehicles to recover from loss of control under strong electromagnetic interference.
Consumer electronics (mobile phones/wearable devices)
Key points: A-GNSS assisted positioning efficiency, power consumption (continuous positioning endurance).
Test case: The success rate of mobile phone positioning near indoor windows (weak signal).
5、 Testing Challenges and Trends
Multi frequency and multi-mode fusion: supports L1/L5 dual frequency and low orbit satellite enhancement (such as Starlink) testing solutions.
High precision positioning (RTK/PPP): Verify the convergence time and stability of centimeter level positioning.
AI algorithm testing: Evaluate the application effectiveness of machine learning in signal anti-interference and trajectory prediction.
Automated testing: Implement 7 × 24-hour unmanned testing through robot control (such as NI platform).
6、 Testing Services and Certification
Third party laboratories such as China National Institute of Metrology, Luxshare Testing, and T Ü V provide certification testing.
Certification marks: FCC/CE (Electromagnetic Compatibility), RoHS (Environmental Protection), Beidou Network Access License.
Large-scale experimental base
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Analysis Method
Testing/year
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