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chromatism
Composed of three mutually perpendicular vectors, each color can be clearly represented by a point coordinate (three vector values) in the color coordinates.
Color difference is an indicator used to quantify the difference between two colors, usually calculated based on coordinate values in the color space. A color space is a mathematical model composed of three mutually perpendicular vectors (or dimensions), and each color can be explicitly represented by its coordinate point (three vector values) in that space. The following is a detailed explanation of color difference:
Color Space and Color Coordinates
Common color spaces include:
CIE Lab（CIELAB）：
L *: represents brightness (brightness), ranging from 0 (black) to 100 (white).
A *: represents the red green axis, with positive values indicating red and negative values indicating green.
B *: represents the yellow blue axis, with positive values indicating yellow and negative values indicating blue.
CIE LCh：
L *: Brightness.
C *: Chromaticity (saturation), indicating the brightness of a color.
H *: Tone angle, representing the color tone of a color.
RGB：
Composed of three components: red, green, and blue, it is mainly used for display devices.
XYZ：
Composed of X, Y, and Z components, it is the foundation of the CIE standard color space.
Color difference calculation
The significance of color difference
Δ E value: indicates the degree of difference between two colors.
Δ E<1: Almost indistinguishable to the human eye.
1<Δ E<2: Trained professionals can distinguish.
2<Δ E<3.5: Ordinary people can distinguish it.
Δ E>3.5: Significant color difference.
Test steps
Sample preparation:
Ensure that the surface of the sample is flat, clean, and free from contamination or scratches.
For coatings, it is necessary to ensure that the paint film is completely dry.
Instrument calibration:
Use a standard whiteboard or blackboard to calibrate the colorimeter.
Measurement operation:
Place the colorimeter on the surface of the sample, trigger the measurement, and record the color coordinate values (such as L *, a *, b *).
Measure the reference sample and the test sample separately.
Calculate color difference:
Calculate the Δ E value based on the color difference formula.
application
Color difference measurement is widely used in the following fields:
Paint industry: Evaluate the consistency and quality of paint colors.
Printing industry: Ensure the color accuracy of printed materials.
Textile industry: Testing the uniformity of textile dyeing.
Plastic industry: Control the color consistency of plastic products.
Precautions
During measurement, it is necessary to maintain stable ambient light and avoid direct exposure to strong light.
Ensure that the surface of the sample is flat to avoid measurement errors.
The results of different color spaces and color difference formulas may vary, and appropriate standards should be selected according to actual needs.
By measuring color difference, product quality can be effectively controlled to ensure color consistency and accuracy.
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