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Antenna radiation pattern
The so-called antenna pattern refers to the graph of the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the radiation field changing with direction at a certain distance from the antenna. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns passing through the maximum radiation direction of the antenna. The antenna pattern is an important graph for measuring antenna performance, and various parameters of the antenna can be observed from the antenna pattern.
Antenna pattern is a graphical representation that describes the radiation characteristics of an antenna, mainly used to display the radiation intensity of the antenna in different directions. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular planes (such as a horizontal plane and a vertical plane), which are usually defined by the maximum radiation direction of the antenna.
The main characteristics of antenna pattern:
Normalized field strength: The antenna pattern displays the relative field strength, usually normalizing the field strength in the maximum radiation direction to 1, and representing the field strength in other directions relative to the maximum value.
Directionality: The antenna pattern can clearly display the directionality of the antenna, that is, the radiation intensity distribution of the antenna in space. The stronger the directionality, the more concentrated the radiation ability of the antenna in a certain direction.
Main lobe and side lobe:
Main lobe: The area in the antenna pattern with the highest radiation intensity, usually pointing towards the maximum radiation direction of the antenna.
Side lobe: Other radiation areas besides the main lobe, usually with lower radiation intensity. The presence of sidelobes may cause signal interference or energy waste.
Beam width: The width of the main lobe is usually expressed as half power beamwidth (HPBW), which is the angular range when the radiation intensity drops to half of its maximum value. The smaller the beamwidth, the stronger the directionality of the antenna.
Front to back ratio: Front to back ratio refers to the ratio of the radiation intensity of an antenna in the main radiation direction (forward) to its opposite direction (backward). The larger the front to back ratio, the smaller the backward radiation of the antenna and the better the directionality.
Application of antenna pattern:
Antenna design: By analyzing the antenna pattern, engineers can optimize the antenna design to achieve better radiation performance in specific directions.
Communication system: In wireless communication systems, antenna patterns can help determine the installation location and direction of antennas to maximize signal coverage and reduce interference.
Radar system: In a radar system, the antenna pattern determines the detection range and resolution of the radar.
Common antenna pattern types:
Omnidirectional antenna pattern: It radiates uniformly in the horizontal plane and is suitable for scenarios that require all-round coverage.
Directional antenna pattern: Radiated energy is concentrated in a specific direction, suitable for scenarios that require long-distance communication or high gain.
In short, antenna pattern is an important tool for understanding and optimizing antenna performance, which can intuitively display the radiation characteristics of the antenna in different directions.
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