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Common issues with vibration testing

Criteria can be met:

  IEC61373

  TB/T3028、GB/T21563、GB/T2423、GB/T4857

Frequency range: 5-2000Hz

Maximum acceleration: 98g (vertical)

Maximum load: 1000kg

Size: 1000mm*1000mm

The common problems in vibration testing mainly include improper equipment selection, sensor failure, incorrect standard selection, unreasonable frequency setting, incorrect packaging material selection, and neglecting the internal structure of the product. The following is a specific analysis:

 

1、 Improper selection of equipment
Problem: The selected vibration testing equipment does not match the specimen and related testing parameters, which affects the accuracy of the test results.
Solution: Select suitable vibration testing equipment based on the weight, size, and testing requirements of the specimen. For example, for large or heavy specimens, specialized fixtures for fixing the samples need to be designed.
 

2、 Sensor malfunction
Problem: Malfunctions in sensors such as accelerometers and speed sensors may result in data distortion and even mislead product reliability assessments.
Common failure modes:
Mechanical failure: If the installation is loose or the piezoelectric element is damaged, it can cause resonance frequency shift, amplitude jump and phase difference abnormality in the data.
Electrical faults: such as poor cable contact or signal conditioning circuit faults, can introduce electromagnetic interference and generate periodic noise.
Solution: Conduct baseline calibration verification before testing to ensure sufficient fastening force for sensor installation, and investigate cable connections and power supply stability of the conditioner.
 

3、 Standard selection error
Problem: Improper selection of testing standards leads to distorted test results that cannot truly reflect the transportation environment.
Common problem: Many companies directly apply universal standards without considering the uniqueness of their own products. For example, vibration testing of automotive components requires simulating long-term road transportation, while packaging for air transportation needs to pay attention to high-frequency vibrations.
Solution: Select appropriate vibration testing standards based on product type and transportation method, such as ASTM D4169, ISTA 3A, etc.

 

4、 Unreasonable frequency setting
Problem: The vibration frequency setting is unreasonable, ignoring the fact that the frequency changes dynamically during actual transportation.
Common problem: Many tests only focus on a single frequency, ignoring the dynamic changes in frequency during actual transportation. For example, electronic products are sensitive to high-frequency vibrations, while large machinery is more susceptible to low-frequency vibrations.
Solution: A reasonable frequency setting should cover all possible vibration ranges that the product may encounter.
 

5、 Incorrect selection of packaging materials
Problem: The cushioning performance of packaging materials directly affects the vibration test results.
FAQ: The vibration transmission characteristics of foam, bubble film, corrugated paper and other materials are significantly different. For example, polyethylene foam is suitable for low-frequency vibration buffering, while polyurethane foam is more effective for high-frequency vibration.
Solution: Choose appropriate packaging materials based on product characteristics and transportation environment.
 

6、 Ignore the internal structure of the product
Problem: Vibration not only affects the exterior of the packaging, but also transmits to the interior of the product.
Common problem: Many tests only focus on the integrity of the packaging, without checking whether the internal components of the product are loose or displaced. For example, components such as the hard drive and battery of a laptop may detach during vibration.
Solution: Disassemble the product after testing and check if the internal structure is intact.
 

7、 Establishment of experimental conditions
Problem: Improper formulation of experimental conditions affects the accuracy of experimental results.
Solution: Determine the vibration test conditions based on actual measurement data, and use measurement data as much as possible to determine the vibration conditions.
 

8、 Fixture Design
Problem: Improper fixture design affects the accuracy of test results.
Solution: The material of the fixture must be rigid, such as channel steel, aviation aluminum, etc.
 

9、 Sample installation
Problem: Improper installation of the sample affects the accuracy of the test results.
Solution: According to the experimental requirements, install the sample correctly and ensure that the connection between the sample and the fixture is firm.
 

10、 Test direction
Problem: Improper selection of experimental direction affects the accuracy of experimental results.
Solution: In general, vibration testing is conducted in three directions, but there are also those that only require horizontal or vertical testing.
 

11、 Test type
Problem: Improper selection of test type affects the accuracy of test results.
Solution: Select appropriate test types based on product characteristics and testing requirements, such as sine vibration test, random vibration test, etc.
 

12、 Experimental judgment
Problem: The criteria for determining the experiment are not clear, which affects the accuracy of the test results.
Solution: In general, only the appearance and structure of the sample are judged to be undamaged, and the screws are not detached; If there are no abnormalities during and after the sample vibration test, it can be written that the product is working normally when powered on.

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