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Salt spray test
a) Initialization charging of battery module;
b) Prepare a salt solution using sodium chloride (chemically or analytically pure) and distilled water (or deionized water) at a concentration of (5 ± 0.1)% (by mass)
When the temperature is (20 ± 2) ℃, the pH value of the solution should be between 6.5 and 7.2;
c) Place the battery module in a salt spray box and spray salt spray at 15 ℃~35 ℃ for 2 hours;
d) After spray, transfer the battery module to the damp heat box for storage for 20 h~22 h, complete one spray storage cycle, and the temperature of the damp heat box
Set the temperature to (40 ± 2) ℃ and the relative humidity to (93 ± 3)%;
e) Repeat steps c) to d) a total of 4 times;
f) Store the battery module for 3 days at a temperature of (23 ± 2) ℃ and a relative humidity of 45%~55%;
g) Repeat steps c) to f) a total of 4 times;
h) Observe for 1 hour;
i) Record whether there is expansion, leakage, smoking, fire, or explosion.
Salt spray testing is an important testing method for evaluating the safety and corrosion resistance of battery modules in salt spray corrosion environments. By simulating the reaction of battery modules in salt spray and humid environments, detect whether the battery will experience dangerous situations such as expansion, leakage, smoking, fire, explosion, etc. The following is the detailed content of salt spray testing:
1. Test purpose
Evaluate the safety and corrosion resistance of battery modules in salt spray corrosion environments.
Ensure that the battery module does not experience dangerous situations such as expansion, leakage, smoking, fire, explosion, etc. under salt spray and humid conditions.
Verify whether the battery module complies with relevant safety standards and requirements.
2. Testing principle
By exposing the battery module to a salt spray environment and simulating its usage in coastal or high salinity environments, the appearance, structural integrity, and safety of the battery can be tested.
3. Testing methods
(1) Test preparation
Initialize and charge the battery module.
Prepare salt solution:
Prepare a salt solution with a concentration of (5 ± 0.1)% (mass fraction) using sodium chloride (chemically or analytically pure) and distilled water (or deionized water).
At a temperature of (20 ± 2) ℃, the pH value of the solution should be between 6.5 and 7.2.
(2) Salt spray test
Put the battery module into the salt spray box.
Spray salt spray at 15 ℃~35 ℃ for 2 hours.
(3) Damp heat storage
After spray, transfer the battery module to a damp heat box for storage for 20-22 hours.
The temperature of the humid heat chamber is set to (40 ± 2) ℃.
The relative humidity is set to (93 ± 3)%.
(4) Loop testing
Repeat steps c) to d) a total of 4 times.
Store the battery module for 3 days at a temperature of (23 ± 2) ℃ and a relative humidity of 45%~55%.
Repeat steps c) to f) a total of 4 times.
(5) Observation after testing
Observe for 1 hour and record whether the battery module has any phenomena such as expansion, leakage, smoking, fire, explosion, etc.
4. Testing standards
International standards:
IEC 62133 (Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary batteries).
ISO 9227 (Salt Spray Corrosion Testing Standard).
Industry standards:
GB 31241 (Safety Requirements for Lithium ion Batteries for Portable Electronic Products, China).
UL 1642 (Lithium Battery Safety Standard, USA).
5. Testing equipment
Salt spray box: used to simulate salt spray environment.
Damp heat chamber: used to simulate humid and hot environments.
PH meter: used to measure the pH value of salt solutions.
Infrared thermal imaging device: used to monitor the temperature changes of battery modules during testing.
6. Data analysis and evaluation
Appearance inspection: Record whether the battery module has any expansion, leakage, or other phenomena.
Safety assessment: Observe whether the battery module has any dangerous situations such as smoking, fire, explosion, etc.
Electrical performance: Measure the voltage and internal resistance of the battery module to evaluate whether its electrical performance is normal.
7. Common problems and solutions
Battery expansion: It may be due to insufficient corrosion resistance of the casing material, and a higher corrosion resistant material needs to be replaced.
Leakage: It may be due to insufficient battery sealing, and the sealing design of the battery needs to be improved.
Fire or explosion: It may be due to internal short circuit or material failure of the battery, and the battery design and production process need to be optimized.
8. Application scenarios
Testing of battery modules for consumer electronics products such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets.
Electric tools: such as battery module testing for electric drills and chainsaws.
Electric vehicles: such as testing of power battery modules for electric vehicles.
Energy storage system: such as testing of solar energy storage battery modules.
9. Test report
Test conditions: including salt solution concentration, pH value, temperature, humidity, cycle times, etc.
Test results: including appearance inspection results, safety assessment, electrical performance, etc.
Conclusion and Suggestions: Evaluate whether the sample meets the relevant standards and propose improvement suggestions.
Through salt spray testing, the safety and corrosion resistance of battery modules in salt spray corrosion environments can be comprehensively evaluated, ensuring that they can meet strict environmental requirements in practical use and providing scientific basis for the design and optimization of battery modules.
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