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Radiation emission test
The Radiation Emission (RE) test mainly tests the radiation interference intensity of electronic and electrical equipment or systems to the outside world during normal operation, including radiation interference from all components such as circuit boards, chassis, cables, and connecting wires.
Radiation emission testing (RE testing) is a testing method for evaluating the intensity of electromagnetic radiation interference generated by electronic, electrical equipment or systems to the outside world during normal operation. This test mainly detects the electromagnetic interference radiated by the equipment to the outside through components such as circuit boards, chassis, cables, and connecting wires, to ensure compliance with relevant electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards.
Test purpose
Evaluate the electromagnetic radiation interference generated by the equipment to the outside world during normal operation.
Ensure that the equipment complies with international and industry standards (such as CISPR 22, CISPR 25, FCC Part 15, etc.).
Prevent electromagnetic radiation from interfering with the normal operation of other electronic devices.
Test Principle
Radiation emission testing evaluates the electromagnetic compatibility of equipment by measuring the electromagnetic field intensity radiated in space. Testing is usually conducted in an anechoic chamber or open field (OATS), using antennas and receivers to capture the electromagnetic waves radiated by the equipment.
Test frequency range
Typical frequency range: 30 MHz~6 GHz (specific range depends on testing standards).
Automotive electronics: typically ranging from 30 MHz to 1 GHz (according to CISPR 25 standard).
test equipment
Radio anechoic chamber or open field (OATS):
Provide a testing environment without external interference.
Receiver or spectrum analyzer:
Used to measure the frequency and amplitude of radiation signals.
Antenna:
Used for receiving radiated signals, typically including logarithmic periodic antennas, biconical antennas, and horn antennas.
Turntable and antenna tower:
Used to adjust the position of the device under test (DUT) and antenna to capture radiation signals from different directions.
Pre amplifier:
Used to amplify weak signals and improve testing sensitivity.
Test steps
Preparation:
Install the device under test (DUT) on the turntable and connect all necessary cables and power sources.
Ensure that the equipment is in normal working condition.
Set up testing environment:
Install antennas and receivers in anechoic chambers or open fields.
Calibrate the testing system to ensure measurement accuracy.
Conduct testing:
Start the tested device and put it in typical working mode.
Measure the radiation field strength at different frequencies using antennas and receivers.
Record spectrum data, including frequency, amplitude, and polarization direction.
data analysis
Analyze spectrum data to identify the frequency and amplitude of radiation interference.
Compare the test results with the standard limits to determine if they are qualified.
Test Standard
CISPR 22: Radio disturbance limits and measurement methods for information technology equipment.
CISPR 25: Limits and measurement methods for radio disturbance characteristics of vehicles, ships, and internal combustion engines.
FCC Part 15: Federal Communications Commission's requirements for radiated emissions from electronic devices.
EN 55022: European standard, equivalent to CISPR 22.
limit requirement
The limit value for radiation emission testing is usually measured in dB μ V/m, and the specific limit value depends on the frequency range and testing standards. For example:
30 MHz~230 MHz: The limit is usually 30~40 dB μ V/m.
230 MHz~1 GHz: The limit is usually 37~47 dB μ V/m.
Precautions
Test environment: Ensure that there is no external interference in the anechoic chamber or open field.
Equipment status: Ensure that the tested equipment is in typical working condition, covering all possible radiation sources.
Antenna calibration: Regularly calibrate the antenna and receiver to ensure measurement accuracy.
Test distance: Set the test distance according to standard requirements (such as 3 meters, 10 meters).
Common problems and solutions
Radiation exceeding the standard:
Reason: Unreasonable circuit design, insufficient shielding, cable radiation, etc.
Solution: Optimize PCB layout, add shielding measures, use filters and magnetic rings.
The test results are unstable:
Reason: External interference, unstable device operation status.
Solution: Test in a shielded environment to ensure consistent device operation.
Application field
Consumer electronics: mobile phones, computers, household appliances, etc.
Automotive electronics: in car entertainment systems, engine control units (ECUs), etc.
Industrial electronics: industrial controllers, motor drivers, etc.
Medical equipment: Electromagnetic compatibility testing of medical electronic devices.
Conclusion
Radiation emission testing is an important means of evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic devices. By measuring the electromagnetic field intensity radiated by the equipment in space, potential EMI issues can be identified and resolved, ensuring that the equipment complies with relevant standards and meets electromagnetic compatibility requirements. During the testing process, attention should be paid to the testing environment, equipment status, and data analysis to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test results.
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