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Harmonic current emission
When the input voltage of the device is a sine wave, and the input load of this voltage is a nonlinear circuit, it will cause distortion of the input current, that is, the input current is not a sine wave. According to the Fourier transform, non sine wave signals will have harmonics in the frequency domain, which will reduce the efficiency of the device's power supply and pollute the power grid. The 2-40th harmonic components will be evaluated through testing.
Harmonic current emission testing is an important component of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing, used to evaluate the input current distortion caused by nonlinear loads and its impact on the power grid when the input voltage is a sine wave. Nonlinear loads can cause the input current to deviate from the sine waveform, generating harmonic currents. These harmonic currents not only reduce the efficiency of equipment power supply, but also pollute the power grid and affect the normal operation of other equipment. The purpose of harmonic current emission testing is to ensure that the harmonic current emission of the equipment is within the allowable range and complies with relevant regulations and standards.
Test purpose
The main purpose of harmonic current emission testing is to verify whether the harmonic current generated by the equipment during operation is within the standard limit range, and to avoid interference with the power grid and other equipment. This is crucial for improving the power quality of the grid and the electromagnetic compatibility of equipment, especially in the fields of industrial equipment, household appliances, and lighting equipment.
Test Standard
Harmonic current emission testing is usually conducted according to international or industry standards, and common standards include:
IEC 61000-3-2: Harmonic current emission limit standards for low-voltage equipment developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
EN 61000-3-2: European standard, consistent with the content of IEC 61000-3-2.
GB 17625.1: Chinese National Standard, equivalent to IEC 61000-3-2.
test method
Test environment:
Testing is typically conducted in a laboratory environment, using specialized harmonic analyzers and power simulators.
The testing environment should control the power supply voltage and frequency to ensure the accuracy of the test results.
Test equipment:
Harmonic analyzer: used to measure the harmonic components of the input current of equipment.
Power simulator: used to provide stable sine wave power input.
Monitoring equipment: used to monitor the working status and power parameters of the tested equipment.
Test steps:
Connect the test equipment to the harmonic analyzer and power simulator, and connect the necessary loads.
Set the parameters of the power simulator (such as voltage, frequency, etc.) according to the testing standards.
Run the test equipment and simulate its normal working state.
Using a harmonic analyzer to measure the harmonic components of the input current of the device typically evaluates the 2nd to 40th harmonics.
Record the test results and compare them with the standard limits.
Test parameters:
Harmonic order: 2-40 harmonics.
Harmonic current limit: Depending on the equipment category and standard requirements, there are different limits for harmonic currents of different orders.
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD): evaluates the overall distortion level of the input current.
Test result evaluation
According to the standard, the harmonic currents generated by the tested equipment should be within the standard limit range.
Failure criteria: If the harmonic current generated by the device exceeds the standard limit, it is considered a test failure.
Rectification measures: For devices that have not passed the test, the following measures may need to be taken:
Add power factor correction (PFC) circuits to reduce harmonic currents.
Optimize power supply design and use linearized loads.
Add filtering circuits to suppress harmonic currents.
Application field
Harmonic current emission testing is widely used in the following fields:
Household appliances: such as air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, etc.
Lighting equipment: such as LED lights, fluorescent lamps, etc.
Industrial equipment: such as frequency converters, motor drivers, etc.
Power electronic equipment: such as inverters, UPS, etc.
Test significance
Through harmonic current emission testing, it can be ensured that the equipment will not cause excessive harmonic pollution to the power grid during operation, thereby ensuring the power quality of the power grid and the normal operation of other connected equipment. This is of great significance for improving the electromagnetic compatibility and user satisfaction of equipment, especially in situations where the power grid load is complex or the power quality requirements are high.
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