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BPA Test - Bisphenol A
The EU REACH regulation proposes to restrict BPA, with an effective date set for mid-2019
The EU proposes to enhance the migration restrictions of bisphenol A in specific toys, with the proposal expected to take effect in the second quarter of 2018
Some states in the United States have introduced requirements for BPA or BPA homologs in various consumer products
Illinois bans the use of bisphenol A in thermal paper
What is BPA/Bisphenol A
Bisphenol A, scientific name 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, also known as diphenylpropane, abbreviated as bisphenol A (BPA), is an English name for bisphenol A. White crystal, flammable, with a slight phenol odor. Boiling point 250-252 ℃ (1.773kPa). The melting point of pure products is 155-156 ℃, and the melting point of industrial products is 150-152 ℃. Relative density 1.195 (25 ℃), flash point 79.4 ℃. Soluble in ethanol, acetone, ether, benzene, and dilute alkali solution, slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride, almost insoluble in water.
Bisphenol A is synthesized from phenol and acetone in acidic medium, and is commonly used as the main raw material in products such as epoxy resin, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyarylester, phenolic resin, unsaturated polyester resin, flame retardant, etc.
Bisphenol A is basically divided into two grades: polycarbonate grade and epoxy grade, and its quality indicators are shown in Table 1.
The hazards of BPA/Bisphenol A
According to American experimental researchers, the chemical substance bisphenol A (BPA) commonly found in plastic bottles may cause cancer and other functional disorders. In addition, bisphenol A (BPA) can cause hormonal dysfunction in the human body, posing potential hazards to growth, development, and reproduction. Although this conclusion has not been affirmed by authoritative authorities, it has caused consumer panic among some informed consumers.
Restrictions on BPA/Bisphenol A by Various Countries
China: GB 13116-91 Hygienic standard for polycarbonate resin used in food containers and packaging materials.
GB 14942-94 Hygienic standard for polycarbonate molded products used in food containers and packaging materials.
GB/T 5009.99-2003 Analysis Method for Hygienic Standard of Polycarbonate Resin for Food Containers and Packaging Materials.
The hygiene standards in our country stipulate that the leaching amount of phenol (distilled water, refluxed for 6 hours) in carbonate resin and molded products shall not exceed 0.05 mg/kg. The titration method is used to quantitatively calculate the free phenol in the solution.
EU: EU Regulation 2002/72/EC stipulates a migration limit of 3 mg/kg for BPA/bisphenol A in plastic food contact materials.
The European Union uses liquid chromatography to detect the migration of bisphenol A (with a detection limit of 0.2-0.7 mg/kg).
United States: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States stipulates that BPA/bisphenol A can be used as raw materials for food contact materials.
The EPA (1993) stipulates that the maximum acceptable dose or reference dose is 0.05mg/kg.bw.
Japan: The Food Hygiene Law stipulates that the dissolution limit of BPA/bisphenol A in polycarbonate food containers is 2.5 mg/kg.
BPA testing is an experimental method for detecting the content of bisphenol A (BPA) in products. BPA is a chemical widely used in products such as plastics, coatings, and food packaging. Due to its potential endocrine disrupting effects and health hazards, BPA is strictly restricted in consumer products in many countries and regions. The following is a detailed explanation about BPA testing:
The hazards of BPA
BPA may enter the human body through food contact, inhalation, or skin contact, and its hazards include:
Endocrine disruption: May disrupt the human endocrine system and affect reproductive health.
Developmental toxicity: may affect the development of fetuses and children.
Carcinogenicity: Long term exposure may increase the risk of cancer.
Other health effects: such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc.
Sources of BPA
BPA typically originates from the following pathways:
Plastic products: such as polycarbonate (PC) plastic bottles and food containers.
Food packaging: such as inner coating of cans and beverage bottles.
Medical devices: such as infusion tubes and blood bags.
Thermal paper: such as receipts and bills.
Coatings: such as epoxy resin coatings.
BPA limit requirements
Different countries and regions have different limit requirements for BPA. The following are common limit requirements:
1. European Union
Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 on Food Contact Materials:
The migration limit of BPA in food contact materials is 0.05 mg/kg (50 ppb).
Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC:
The migration limit of BPA in toys is 0.04 mg/L (40 ppb).
2. United States
FDA：
The migration limit of BPA in food contact materials is 0.05 mg/kg (50 ppb).
California 65:
Limit the exposure limit of BPA.
3. China
GB 9685：
The migration limit of BPA in food contact materials is 0.6 mg/kg (600 ppb).
Scope of application of BPA testing
BPA testing is applicable to the following products and materials:
Food contact materials: such as food packaging and tableware.
Toys: such as plastic toys.
Medical devices: such as infusion tubes and blood bags.
Thermal paper: such as receipts and bills.
Coatings: such as epoxy resin coatings.
Standards and methods for BPA testing
BPA testing typically uses the following standards and methods:
1. Testing standards
EU EN 14372:
Method for detecting BPA in food contact materials.
US FDA Method:
Method for detecting BPA in food contact materials.
Chinese GB/T 23296:
Method for detecting BPA in food contact materials.
2. Testing methods
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS):
Separate BPA by gas chromatography and detect its content by mass spectrometry.
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC):
Separate BPA by liquid chromatography and detect its content by UV detector.
The process of BPA testing
Sample preparation:
Prepare representative samples according to testing requirements.
Extracting BPA:
Extract BPA from the sample using a solvent such as methanol.
Purification sample:
Purification of extraction solution by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and other methods.
Instrument analysis:
Use GC-MS or HPLC to detect BPA content.
Result analysis:
Based on the test results, determine whether the sample meets the limit requirements.
How to reduce BPA content
Material selection:
Choose raw materials that do not contain BPA, such as polypropylene and glass.
production process
Optimize production processes and reduce the use of BPA.
Alternative substances:
Use environmentally friendly alternatives such as bisphenol S and bisphenol F.
Quality Control:
Regularly conduct BPA testing on products to ensure compliance with limit requirements.
summary
BPA is a chemical widely used in products such as plastics and food packaging. Due to its potential endocrine disrupting effects and health hazards, BPA is strictly restricted in consumer products in many countries and regions. Export products need to undergo BPA testing according to the requirements of the target market to ensure compliance with relevant regulations and standards.
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