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Information | The impact of pin discharge on personal safety
Author.
LCS
Source:
Post time:
2024-04-12
The impact of pin discharge on personal safety is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Mechanical hazards:
The design of the plug pins is unreasonable, or the weight of the product is too large or the center of gravity is not appropriate, which may cause the product to accidentally fall off the wall. The pins may scratch the body or puncture fragile parts such as the face and feet. In extreme cases, if the pin falls directly above the child's head, it may pose a life-threatening risk.
2. Electrical hazards:
When the power plug is connected to an AC power supply, the X capacitor inside the electronic device is connected to the power supply, and the voltage on the X capacitor is synchronized with the power supply, changing in a sinusoidal pattern. Therefore, the remaining voltage on the power plug is related to the timing of unplugging the power plug. If the power plug is unplugged at cycle 0 and 1/2T or T, the remaining voltage is 0. If the power plug is unplugged at 1/4T or 3/4T, the remaining voltage is maximum, which is Um or - Um, respectively. After unplugging the power plug for a certain period of time, there will be a residual voltage on the plug. According to GB9706.1 standard, in the first second after disconnecting the plug, the voltage between the plug's pins and the device's case should not exceed 60V, or the discharge energy should not be greater than 2 million, which can be considered safe for humans
3. Remaining energy:
Due to improper selection of X capacitor capacity and the lack of a reasonable discharge circuit, when the user unplugs the device power plug and accidentally touches the pin of the plug, the remaining energy stored in X capacitor can cause electric shock to the user. The impedance of the human body usually includes external impedance (related to the clothing, shoes, socks, and humidity of the body at the time of the electric shock, ranging from several thousand ohms to several tens of megaohms) and internal impedance (related to the skin impedance and internal impedance of the electric shock victim). The impedance of the human body is not pure resistance, but mainly determined by the resistance of the human body. The resistance of the human body is not a fixed value.
4. Discharge time constant:
Different standards have different criteria for determining whether the tested equipment meets the standard requirements, but generally the following two parameters are considered. Firstly, the voltage at a specific time is examined to determine whether it meets the voltage value specified in the standard. For example, GB4706.1-2005 (IEC60335-1:2010) stipulates that when the test sample is disconnected from the power supply at the peak voltage, the voltage between the pins of the plug does not exceed 34V within 1 second after disconnection; The second is the difficulties encountered in monitoring work. Examine the time required for the voltage to drop to a specific value and determine if the time is shorter than the standard requirement. For example, GB4943.1-2011 (IEC60950-1:2013) requires that the discharge time constant for Type A plug-in equipment should not exceed 1 second, and for Type B plug-in equipment, the discharge time constant should not exceed 10 seconds. The discharge time constant is defined as the time during which the discharge voltage will decay to 37% of the initial value.
Overall, the impact of pin discharge on personal safety mainly depends on factors such as plug design, product usage, and environmental conditions. When designing and using electronic products, these factors should be fully considered to ensure user safety.
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